Mineralisation Companies
Carbon mineralisation reacts CO₂ with magnesium- or calcium-rich minerals, forming stable carbonates that permanently store carbon with minimal leakage risk. Growth in this area is driven by the potential for permanent storage, ability to use industrial byproducts, supportive policies, and the creation of valuable construction materials.
- 44.01 (UK) – Accelerates natural mineralisation in peridotite rock, turning CO₂ into stone within 12 months.
- Carbon8 Systems (UK) – Converts industrial waste into carbon-negative construction materials.
- O.C.O Technology (UK) – Uses Accelerated Carbonation Technology (ACT) to produce carbon-negative aggregates.
- Carbfix (Iceland) – Pioneering underground mineralisation in basaltic rock.
Paebbl (Sweden) – Produces carbon-negative building materials by mineralising captured CO₂.
Ocean-Based Solutions Companies
Ocean-based CCUS enhances the ocean’s natural carbon absorption through direct capture, alkalinity enhancement, or biological pathways. While energy-intensive, these solutions also help mitigate ocean acidification and are attracting “blue carbon” investments.
- Limenet (Italy) – Stores CO₂ as calcium bicarbonates in seawater.
SeaO2 (Netherlands) – Develops Direct Ocean Capture to extract dissolved CO₂ from seawater.
Direct Air Capture (DAC) Companies
DAC removes CO₂ directly from ambient air for storage or industrial use. While costly, it is seen as essential for Net Zero pathways, with efficiency improvements and renewable energy integration helping to reduce costs.
- Climeworks (Switzerland) – Global leader in DAC, using filters and low-grade heat.
- Skytree (Netherlands) – Develops modular DAC systems for agriculture and eFuels.
Storegga (UK, not in original list) – Leading UK project developer piloting DAC in Scotland, backed by Mitsui and Singapore’s GIC.
Biological CCUS Companies
Biological solutions harness algae, microbes, and biochar to capture and repurpose CO₂. Advances in synthetic biology are expanding applications across food, feed, and materials.
- Remediiate (UK) – Uses microalgae in photobioreactors to turn CO₂ into high-value animal feed.
- Algiecel (Denmark) – Modular algae systems for CO₂ capture and biomass production.
- CarbonWorks (France) – Converts CO₂ into raw materials for agriculture and industry.
- Unibio (Denmark) – Converts methane into single-cell protein for sustainable feed.
- Solar Foods (Finland) – Produces Solein®, a protein-rich ingredient from CO₂ and microbes.
Alternative Fuels Companies
Alternative fuels, especially biofuels and eFuels, are vital for decarbonising aviation, shipping, and heavy industry. CCUS integration enables carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative fuels. European governments are supporting the development of these alternative fuels, in particular, Sustainable Aviation Fuel, through the ReFuelEU and UK SAF Mandate support mechanisms.
- Shell (UK) – Investing in Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), renewable diesel, and hydrogen.
- Metafuels (Switzerland) – Developing e-kerosene from CO₂ and green hydrogen.
- Neste (Finland) – Produces renewable diesel and SAF at commercial scale.
- Equinor (Norway) – Investing in CCUS, offshore wind, and low-carbon fuel projects.
Outlook
The European CCUS landscape is defined by a wide range of established players and emerging innovators. UK-based companies such as Carbon Clean and Storegga (noted for DAC and cluster development) are attracting international capital from investors including Chevron, Equinor, and Breakthrough Energy Ventures, underscoring the UK’s growing role as a CCUS hub.
With strong government support through policy and funding and an expanding investor base, Europe is seen as one of the fastest-developing CCUS markets globally. Navigating such a dynamic environment requires not only technical understanding but also the ability to connect across policy, industry, and finance.
We bring these threads together, supporting companies, investors, and partners in building stronger business models and forging meaningful collaborations in the Net Zero economy.
